Common Fate
Elements that move at different times or in different directions are perceived as being less related than objects moving together in a common direction.
The elements relation is stronger when the elements are moving at the same time and velocity, and in the same direction.
When elements show a pattern or rhythm they are also perceived as related. When the elements are flickering at the same time, frequency, and intensity they are perceived as having a stronger relation, especially when a pattern or rhythm is formed.
Stationary objects are considered as ground elements and dynamic objects are considered figure elements. When the ground object begins to move with the figure element the ground object is perceived as a figure.
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